Neuroprotective effect of edaravone in experimental glaucoma model in rats: a immunofluorescence and biochemical analysis

AIM: To evaluate the neuroprotective activity of systemically administered edaravone in early and late stage of experimental glaucoma in rats. METHODS: In this study, 60 Wistar albino rats were used. Experimental glaucoma model was created by injecting hyaluronic acid to the anterior chamber once a week for 6wk in 46 of 60 subjects. Fourteen subjects without any medication were included as control group. Edaravone administered intraperitoneally 3 mg/kg/d to the 15 of 30 subjects starting at the onset of glaucoma induction and also administered intraperitoneally 3 mg/kg/d to the other 15 subjects starting at three weeks after the onset of glaucoma induction. The other 16 subjects who underwent glaucoma induction was administered any therapy. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) have been marked with dextran tetramethylrhodamine (DTMR) retrograde at the end of the sixth week and after 48h, subjects were sacrificed by the method of cardiac perfusion. Alive RGC density was assessed in the whole-mount retina. Whole-mount retinal tissues homogenized and nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) values were measured biochemically. RESULTS: RGCs counted with Image-Pro Plus program, in the treatment group were found to be statistically significantly protected, compared to the glaucoma group (Bonferroni, P<0.05). The neuroprotective activity of edaravone was found to be more influential by administration at the start of the glaucoma process. Statistically significant lower NO levels were determined in the glaucoma group comparing treatment groups (Bonferroni, P<0.05). MDA levels were found to be highest in untreated glaucoma group, TAC levels were found to be lower in the glaucoma induction groups than the control group (Bonferroni, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Systemic administration of Edaravone in experimental glaucoma showed potent neuroprotective activity. The role of oxidative stress causing RGC damage in glaucoma was supported by this study results.     

多种方法联合治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效

目的：探讨多种方法联合治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床疗效。
　　方法：选取新生血管性青光眼处于青光眼期患者34例34眼,根据患者发病时情况采取不同的治疗方案,分为抗VEGF药物雷珠单抗眼内注射联合全视网膜光凝组11例11眼( A组),810 nm激光睫状体光凝联合全视网膜光凝组10例10眼( B组),三种方法联合应用组6例6眼( C组)以及810 nm激光睫状体光凝治疗青光眼,并配合配戴高透氧性角膜接触镜治疗角膜大疱7例7眼(D组)等多种方法,观察多种方法联合治疗前后最佳矫正视力,眼内压的变化。分别于治疗后1,4 wk;6,12 mo进行随诊,记录最佳矫正视力、眼内压检查结果及并发症等情况。
　　结果：多种联合治疗方案对处于青光眼期的新生血管性青光眼患者,均可将眼压控制在23 mmHg左右,较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05),随访4wk后各时间段眼压未见明显变化(P>0.1),个别患者需配合一种降眼压药物局部点眼。抗VEGF药物雷珠单抗眼内注射及全视网膜光凝组治疗后1,4 wk;6 mo的最佳矫正视力比治疗前有明显提高,具有统计学意义(P<0.05),其余各组最佳矫正视力治疗前后未见明显变化(P>0.1),2例患者出现了睫状体光凝术后的前房出血。
　　结论：经过抗VEGF药物眼内注射、810 nm激光睫状体光凝以及全视网膜光凝的联合应用,大部分新生血管性青光眼疾病患者均能得到有效的治疗,可以有效控制眼压,并保有部分视功能,明显改善患者生活质量,联合治疗操作相对程式化、易于推广、患者痛苦小,是治疗新生血管性青光眼的一种有效策略。     

Chromatic-achromatic perimetry in four clinic cases: Glaucoma and diabetes

Background:Some diseases that affect the visual system may show loss of chromatic-achromatic sensitivity before obvious physical signs appear in the usual examination of the eye''s posterior segment. A perimetric study has been conducted with four typical patients with glaucoma and diabetes, at different stages of the disease.Results:The results seem to indicate losses in the achromatic-parvocellular perimetry and both chromatic perimetry tests, undetected by conventional SAP.Conclusions:Our results illustrate that our patients without visible retinal alterations show signs of suspicion in multichannel perimetry.     

Evaluation of ExPress glaucoma filtration device in Indian patients with advanced glaucoma

ExPress glaucoma filtration device (GFD) has recently become available in India as a surgical option for glaucoma patients. We retrospectively evaluated the outcome of ExPress GFD in 12 eyes with advanced glaucoma with intraocular pressures (IOPs) not controlled on maximal tolerable medical therapy. The mean preoperative IOP of 29.58 ± 7.13 mmHg decreased to 17.0 ± 2.67 and 17.40 ± 0.89 mmHg at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Absolute success (IOP ≤ 18 mmHg, with no additional glaucoma medications) was achieved in eight cases (66.7%) and qualified success (IOP ≤ 18 mmHg, with additional glaucoma medications) in two cases (16.7%) at 1-year after surgery. Early intervention was needed in 4 patients; two underwent anterior chamber reformation while the other two required needling. Two patients required resurgery. There was no significant change in the best corrected visual acuity postoperatively (P = 0.37). ExPress GFD does not seem to offer a benefit over standard trabeculectomy in patients with advanced glaucomatous disease in terms of IOP control or complication rate. However, due to the small sample size with a heterogeneous mixture of primary and secondary glaucoma''s, we await further studies with a larger sample size and long-term follow-up, to see how the device performs.     

表皮生长因子受体基因突变临床检测方法学比较及其影响因素分析

目的 比较临床常用的两种方法检测晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)基因突变状态结果的差异,探讨福尔马林固定石蜡包埋(FFPE)组织切片标本的不同保存方式对DNA数量、质量及对检测结果的影响.方法 收集中国医学科学院肿瘤医院2010年11月至2011年8月晚期NSCLC FFPE组织切片标本150份,分别采用楔形探针扩增阻滞突变系统(ScorpionsARMS)和直接测序法检测EGFR第18、19、20、21号外显子突变状态,分析两种方法检测EGFR基因突变结果的差异,对结果不一致病例收集临床治疗情况及生存数据并进行分析.对其中30份FFPE标本提取DNA并保存于-20℃3年,同样的30份FFPE标本按常规方法保存3年后再提取DNA,比较两种保存方式对DNA的数量、质量及对检测结果的影响.结果 Scorpions ARMS法检测EGFR基因突变的成功率(100％)高于直接测序法(87.3％),差异有统计学意义(x2=20.28,P＜0.05).两种方法检测EGFR基因突变的一致率为84.7％,一致性较好(Kappa=0.738,P＜0.001).分析结果不一致病例中5例接受靶向药物治疗后患者的生存情况,与ARMS检测结果一致性相对较好.新鲜FFPE标本提取并贮存于-20℃、3年的DNA与FFPE标本按常规方法保存3年后提取的DNA相比,后者质量相对较差,片段化程度更严重,但两种保存方法获取的DNA的EGFR基因突变检测结果均一致.结论 Scorpions ARMS与直接测序法联合检测结果更为全面、可靠.检测结果不确定的患者应以临床治疗及生存资料支持诊断.FFPE标本提取DNA后低温贮存,更有利于DNA完整性的保存.